In Utilitarianism For and Against by Bernard Williams,...

In Utilitarianism For and Against by Bernard Williams, Williams has an argument that is based on the value of integrity. Integrity is defined as the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles or moral uprightness. In Williams argument he believes in certain circumstances utilitarianism requires agents to abandon their personal projects and commitments. This lead Williams to claim that utilitarianism is an attack on an agent’s integrity. In my essay I will explain Williams’s argument on utilitarianism and how he is lead to believe it is an attack on an agent’s integrity. I will also explain why he thinks it can force us to abandon our personal projects. Within my essay I will also explain the theory of right conduct†¦show more content†¦Thus, utilitarian’s focus on the consequences of an act rather than on its intrinsic nature or the motives of the agent. Utilitarianism as I defined it seems to look over whether or not a consequen ce is given when a person acts on something or doesn’t act on something. In Williams argument he believes in order for utilitarianism and consequentialism to be consistent a person or agent must be blamed for consequences of not doing something or an inaction. This is known as negative responsibility. The responsibility for doing something is called positive responsibility. Williams continues to argue that negative responsibility is no more or less justifying than positive responsibility. Williams states â€Å" that if I’m ever responsible for anything, then I must be just as much responsible for things that I allow or fail to prevent, as I am for things that I myself, in the more everyday restricted, bring about† pg 95. With the talk of negative responsibility in front of us I will reference an example give by Williams in his text. Jim finds himself in a small town in what seems to be the center square in South America. In front of him, tied up, are twenty frightened Indians. In front of the Indians stand several uniformed men with weaponry. A heavy man who seems to be the leader or captain in charge, questions Jim on how he got there. Which was by accidentShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1365 Words   |  6 Pages In John Stuart Mill’s book Utilitarianism, he argues for the defense of utilitarianism, an age old theory originally developed by Jeremy Bentham that states the proper course of action is the one that maximizes happiness. The course of action that maximizes general happiness is also the only true standard for moral assessment. 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Utilitarianism is an ethical theory in which an action is morally rightRead MoreEssay about Utilitarianism785 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism What is Utilitarianism? Utilitarianism is a philosophical concept that holds an action to be held right if it tends to promote happiness for the greatest number of people. Utilitarians define the morally right actions as those actions that maximize some non-moral good or happiness and minimize some non-moral evil. Pleasure is an example of a non-moral good and pain is an example of a non- moral evil. A utilitarian will fous on the consequences of an act rather than on the intristicRead MoreHappiness Is Worth No More Than Anyone Happiness1980 Words   |  8 Pagesaction by its consequences. It would also be wise to have rules, or restrictions to the idea of pursuing what we pleasure. This way to live and to be wise is referred to as the greatest happiness principle, or utilitarianism as laid out by philosopher John Stuart Mill in his book Utilitarianism, quoting John Stuart Mill s: â€Å"holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong in proporti on as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† (Mill, 1861). Furthermore, whenRead MoreThe Moral Implications Of Charity1695 Words   |  7 Pagesdonate because of self-interest. If one s actions are not harming the wellbeing of others; they have free will to abide to their own set of moral values because morality should not only be seen as an objective force I will now discuss the main arguments as to why Singer would disallow the views of an individual who puts their family and friends above strangers. 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In contrast, Mill is a rule utilitarian who introduces the idea of secondary principles which we should adopt in order to guide our actions and which support the primary ‘greatest happiness’ principle. These rules are adopted because experience has shown that adherence to these rules tends to produce the greatest happiness as he looks at the consequences of having everyone follow a particular rule and calculates the overall utility of accepting or rejecting the rule. However, you can break theRead MoreThe Role of Justice in Society2403 Words   |  10 Pages95%. With regard to ethics, justice is defined as fairness, where all situations should be treated alike. For one to exhibit justice, one must portray the quality of being fair and reasonable in all situations. While egalitarians evaluate justice based on equality, utilitarians are only interested in justice as a means to an end. Smart advocates the principle of utility, which defines the morally action as whatever produces the greatest net happiness for everyone affected by that act. To identify

The Rise Of The Late And Early 20th Century - 1693 Words

The period surrounding the late and early 20th century was the most dramatic era in modern history. It was a period where Western ideals were pushed by motivated empires with ambitions of wealth and expanding territory and, while impossible to distinguish the most influencing factor that led to the Westernization of nations on a global scale, it is easy to determine key points that played important roles in world history. With Western cultures emerging with both technological and military advantage over secluded and obsolete empires, it was only a matter of time before the West inspired and impacted subjugated nations to build an empire of their own. Countries such as Japan, Russia, as well as Europe’s scramble for Africa are prime examples of existing legacies from the imperialistic era of the late 19th century and onto the early 20th century. A balance of imperial expansion and their eventual collapse were the key components utilized by Western nations to modernize and weste rnize the world between the periods of 1850 and 1950. Perhaps the most dramatic example of a country highly influenced by Western ideals was Japan in the early 20th Century. Initially, Japan faced severe social issues, primarily with crop failure, economic turmoil, and a rising merchant class in the late 19th century under the Tokugawa rule. To further exacerbate domestic issues, Japan was also under pressure from European nations who wanted to open trade ports in Japan. These demands wereShow MoreRelatedImperialism : The Age Of Imperialism1010 Words   |  5 PagesIndira Yuldasheva C band Expansionism Essay The late 19th century and early 20th century is known as the â€Å"Age of Imperialism†, a period in which major world powers, including the United States, adopted a policy of expansionism. Expansionism is defined as the policy of territorial or economic expansion, which is often achieved through diplomacy or military force. During this time period, the United States notably acquired territory in the Pacific and Latin America. The nation’s growing colonialRead MoreThe Bankruptcy Of Marxist Ideology : The Dilution And Variability Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic study will define the dilution and variability of Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theory in the post-WWII era. The slow dissolution of Marxist theory as as a 19th century economic concept defines the rise of capitalism and the neoliberal ideology that has permeated the latter half of the 20th century. 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Crisis and Disaster Management Build Back Better

Question: Discuss about the case study Crisis and Disaster Management for Build Back Better. Answer: Introduction to BBB The Build Back Better policy is one of the most important as well as useful aspect for an organization in order to improve their business and profits. The motto of Build Back Better was accepted more officially when the BBB guidelines were created in the year of 2006 by Clinton. The guidelines were created after the mishap of South Asian tsunami in the year of 2004 occurred. The main purpose of this policy or strategy is to secure the organization from threats such as the environment, production and many others. Clinton used the Key Propositions for BBB as the primary authorized document over the subject. In context of reconstruction as well as recovery, the concept of BBB is the accepted standard for conducting the procedure. Some of the examples are mentioned below to make it clear that how integral the BBB policy is: United Nations Disaster Relief Organization(UNDRO) has a guideline of Principles for Settlement and Shelter. Reconstruction strategy, as well as Post Tsunami Recovery measures undertaken by the government of Sri Lanka, is an example of implementations of Build Back Better. To rebuild the future planet, free from problems that current generations suffer from, Federal Emergency Management Agencys operational framework can be used. Mondays Holistic Recovery Framework is an ideal framework providing implementation and strategic details of Build Back Better policy. Recovery and Reconstruction Framework of Victorian Bushfire Recovery and Reconstruction Authority provide specific details on real time integration of BBB strategies. Christchurch Earthquake Recovery Authoritys Response and Repair strategies are direct measures that embark on the strategy of BBB. The concept of creating the better framework for BBB policy, we evaluate and discuss the situation thorough case studies of multinational dimensions. Figure 2 illustrates the concept of BBB. The central concepts mentioned in the BBB framework, are of the recovery of the community, risk management, and reduction, after the occurrence of a major disaster. One important aspect of Build Back Better policy is focuses on proper implantation of the strategy. As figure 1 show, the restoration of the community is further subdivided into social and economic recoverable strategies. Community support and involvement are the primary focus for Social recovery which is illustrated as on Table 1. The act of Encouragement, education, and engagement of communities are the primary equipment and tools proposed to help communities to deal with overcoming the trauma of environmental disasters. Greater Christchurch Earthquake(2010-2011) In 2010 and 2011, two major earthquakes struck Christchurch. The first referred to as The Darfield Quake, struck the suburb of Darfield with a magnitude of 7.1 on the Richter scale. The earthquake occurred on the 4th September, 2010 with a considerable aftershock of magnitude 6.3 again on the 22nd of February the same year. The reports of Liquefaction became more extensive in the eastern parts of the city. The reports intensified after the occurrence of the second earthquake, which had affected huge parts of residential areas (Scott 2003). The estimated losses were in the range of 40 billion New Zealand Dollars which is approximately around 19 percent of New Zealands total GDP. Almost three fourth of all households in the area were destroyed beyond recognition. The major infrastructural buildings like healthcare, financial, educational, and historical buildings also bore the full brunt of the impact of the quake. In the central business district, nearly forty-seven percent of the bui ldings were declared unsafe and unfit. Nearly 627 buildings were earmarked for Demolition and finally destroyed. The authorities estimated the repairing and refurbishment costs of residences to be around NZ $13 billion. The disintegration of the Canterbury TV building and Pyne Gould Corp. building raised the death toll by 115 and 18 persons respectively. 28 people were reported to be killed in the central city alone. Eight people in a public bus were killed. The total death toll rose to 128 persons with several persons missing. The district of Waimakariri, in Christchurch, along with eastern suburb of the city, was in ruins after the Earthquakes. The eventual aftershocks caused the effects of liquefaction to be intensified. Liquefaction spread laterally in the adjoining areas. Nearly twelve hundred houses in Pines Beach were badly damaged. The authorities had earmarked almost 1048 houses for demolition. Some areas were permanently marked to be unsafe for rebuilding (Koh 2012). The earthquake had disrupted the normal flow of life. The damaged infrastructural facilities of the town took the entire systems down and prevented quick response from authorities. Many small and large business houses suffered huge losses to their businesses as there was shortage of raw materials. The infrastructure of the town including a total of 16 km of roads, 16 bridge approaches, and two walkway footbridges were badly damaged beyond repair. The damaged roads prevented goods trucks from plying on the roads and the retail chain su ffered. The potable water supply systems of Waimakariri was gravely disturbed and damaged. The damage amounted to a loss of 12 km of mainline water supply, ten kilometers of storm water drainage and three major water pumping stations (Twort, Ratnayaka and Brandt 2006). The damage also included 18 km of sewage gravity separators, and a total of 15 sewer pipe systems (Control monitoring range launched for use with pumping stations 2003). The creation of the regulatory body CERA was a result of the vastness in the scale of the disaster. CERA was ultimately given the task of managing Recovery and repairing activities in the Greater Christchurch areas. CERA was tasked with reporting to the Central New Zealand Government (Singh 2008). By the time of 31st March 2016, The Earthquake Commission had repaired 67,468 residential house repairs. The community buildings and historic architectures were greatly affected by the aftershocks. Brick and mortar masonry buildings suffered chimney collapses while residences with timber wood frames stayed upright. The falling of rocks and ground liquefaction resulted in limited land use over potentially dangerous lands in the greater Christchurch areas. Rebuild Framework The BBB framework dedicates its efforts to regenerate the economy of the disaster affected communities (Jones 2005). They do this by providing business support, commercial support to rebuild the local economy of the affected regions (Momani, 2011). The recovery principles regarding the Christchurch earthquake The Christchurch Earthquake Recovery principles contain the fact of guidance for the recovery of Canterbury. The strategic partners and community were developed in consultation to recover from the problems (Wilson 2004). It also provides the direction, confidence, and coordination in the case of the recovery effort (Tracy 2014). The Recovery Strategy has provided the government and the stakeholders with credible blue prints where the development plan is integrate the natural environment, economic recovery, cultural recovery. The Recovery Strategy has integrated the leadership and quality deliverance of the projects in a time bound manner (Phillips and Freeman 2010). The CERA Recovery Strategy aims to restore Christchurch to its former glory. The framework by CERA is very crucial for providing the future generations with an ideal disaster proof foundation. It places the prime focus on community recovery. It diverts its attentions to identify the company risks, environmental hazards, l and zoning and lastly housing problems (Mortensen 1998). The recovery report can be divided into three components by CERA. The first stage comprises repair and formulation of the entire action plan. To rebuild, replace as well as reconstruct the affected sites, a short-term phase is required. The actual repairing and remodeling is done at this phase. Medium and long term phases are involved in improvement, restoration and refurbishment activities. While developing a system to protect the city from the environment, it is very crucial to concerned with the idea of integrating infrastructure (Memarzadeh and Pozzi 2015). The housing infrastructure must be cost efficient and accessible to general public. The housing societies must have a well connected network of transport systems (Trans-European Transport network 2005).The housing plans also include blast resistant underground shelters. The resilient land zones which are certified to be stable, incorporates an urban design. The Recovery Strategy aims to prioritize investment on infrastructure for supporting Greater Christchurch (Infrastructure 2004). Research Methodology The Christchurch case was covered by a newspaper, which was reported to be critically affected by the earthquakes in the year of 2010 and 2011 (Branley and Lloyd 2005). The recovery and redevelopment process is still going on. So the role of BBB may be instrumental in reduction of risk of the future generations. The Build Back Better strategy can be used as an initiative in other countries, in the event of a disaster. A design of mix method can be used to substantiate our research findings. The method of mix can be carried out for conducting the key official interviews from the Christchurch case study. The interviews with Earth Recovery Authority and the city councils were conclusive and were justifiable in accordance with the related literature. The direct involvement of the interviewee in the post disaster crisis is crucial for the interview subject. It helps the researcher to understand the ground realities and plan the recovery process efficiently and effectively. It took one hour to complete each semi-structured process of interview. So minute attention was devoted to plan and improvise intricate details of the whole process. The data for the conducted interviews are provided below. Table 1: Case study data collection Research trip Interviewee Description Research trip 1 April 2014May 2014 P1 Visits and Relations Advisor, CERA P2 Structural Engineer, CERA P3 Manager, Utilities and Roading, Waimakariri District Council P4 Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council Research trip August 2015 P5 General Manager, Constructions, CERA P6 Chief Advisor, Insurance, CERA P7 General Manager, Community Resilience, CERA P8 Former Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council P9 Manager, Central City Development, CERA P10 Senior Advisor, Communication Central City Rebuild, CERA P11 Service Centre Manger, Waimakariri District Council P12 Earthquake Support Service, Waimakariri District Council P13 Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council P14 Utility Manager, Waimakariri District Council P15 Visits and Relations Advisor, CERA P16 Head, Strategy and Planning Group, Christchurch City Council References Branley, F. and Lloyd, M. (2005).Earthquakes. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers. Control monitoring range launched for use with pumping stations. (2003).World Pumps, 2003(444), p.11. Infrastructure. (2004). London: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Jones, C. (2005).Framework. Madrid: Santillana. Koh, R. (2012).Residences. Singapore: Page One. Memarzadeh, M. and Pozzi, M. (2015). Integrated Inspection Scheduling and Maintenance Planning for Infrastructure Systems.Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 31(6), pp.403-415. Hamada, M. (n.d.).Engineering for earthquake disaster mitigation. Momani, N. (2011). Integrated framework for earthquake consequences management.Disaster Prevention and Management, 20(3), pp.314-333. Mortensen, C. (1998).Speeding earthquake disaster relief. Menlo Park, CA: U.S. Geological Survey. Singh, S. (2008).Disaster management. New Delhi: A P H Publishing Phillips, R. and Freeman, R. (2010).Stakeholders. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Scott, M. (2003).Speeding in residential areas. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Tracy, B. (2014).Leadership. New York: American Management Association. Trans-European Transport network. (2005). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Twort, A., Ratnayaka, D. and Brandt, M. (2006).Water supply. Oxford [England]: Butterworth-Heinemann. Wilson, J. (2004).Strategic partners. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.

Max Dupain vs. Anne Zahalka free essay sample

The composition is in two halves; the man’s body is filling up most of the upper section and the empty area of sand in the lower half. The male figure is the focal point and the main subject of the photo. Dupain’s image ‘Sunbaker’ reflects an architectural style through visual elements shown in this image. The architectural style seen in the image ‘Sunbaker’ is very symbolic and modern. Its simple and plain but has great meaning behind it. The body shape of the man creates form and shape. The shape made from his arms looks like a large rock, reflecting what Australia’s scenery is like. This shape of the rock similarly looks like one of Australia’s iconic landscapes ‘Uluru’. Dupain’s use of the low angle shot transforms the simple shapes of the man’s oval head and triangular torso into a mountain-like shape set against the horizon. We will write a custom essay sample on Max Dupain vs. Anne Zahalka or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The similar tones in the image create large open space; the lack of detail and the slight blurring of the background make you focus more on the main subject, the man. The close cropping and foreshortening of the figure creates flat space. The sky and the ground being almost inseparable also force your attention more towards the man. The shadows created by the man’s body create form and help contrast the man against the background. The lack of background detail also hides all reference to a specific location making the image more peaceful and relaxed. Dupain’s use of photographic techniques such as a wide aperture creates space, by making the background appear further away. The background is blurred and the foreground is sharp. The lack of detail in the background drags attention away causing you to focus more on the man. The low unusual angle creates a relaxed mood reflecting Australia’s laid-back culture. The close up shows clearly the water drops on the man and his wet hair which may mean he has just come out of the water and is now relaxing in the sun. The long shutter speed used has allowed the image to be as bright as it is, creating a long exposure that has decreased the depth of field in the image. A film camera was used to take this image. The orientation of the image is landscape; you can see this because the image is wide and close. By using the very tanned male it has helped with contrasting the figure against the very brightly lit scenery. The image being black and white gives it simplicity and elegance. It prevents the image from being over detailed by all the colours, but it also stops the image from being plain. It makes it different from other beach photos. Dupain’s photograph of the tanned male lying on the sand after he has been for a swim titled ‘Sunbaker’ shares many differences and similarities to Anne Zahalka’s photograph ‘The Sunbather #2’, which is of a red headed male laying on his stomach on sand. Zahalka has made a very similar copy of Dupain’s famous photograph but has portrayed a different meaning behind her image. The appropriation ironically plays on Max Dupains original, ‘Sunbaker’. Dupain aimed his image at being an architectural representation of Australia, reflecting Australian lifestyle and culture. While Zahalka has shown her way of looking at Australian people, she has deliberately photographed a very pale red haired male â€Å"sunbathing† at the beach. Normally this is something red haired people shouldn’t do because they are very easily burnt due to their pale white skin. Her photograph is also in colour unlike Dupain’s black and white image and you can easily see the sky from the ground dividing the image into sections. The image doesn’t so much look like it is on the beach where as Dupain has used evidence such as the wave on the left hand side of the image, and the male having wet hair and water droplets all over his arms. The male in Zahalka’s image appears dry and his hair does not appear to be wet. The male in ‘The Sunbather’ has very long hair making it hard for you to tell whether the figure is male or female, as if Zahalka aimed at trying to confuse the observer. Zahalka has tried to show what the men in Australia apparently look like. She is suggesting that they are slim, white and fair headed unlike in Dupain’s image which is almost opposite having a bulky, tanned, dark haired male. Zahalka has used a standard lens while Dupain photographed using a wide lens shown through the image being a close up of the figure. Zahalka has photographed further away from the subject making the figure smaller, and having much more background. Dupain has cropped most of the background focusing mainly on the male figure making it clearly the focal point of the image. The slimness of the male in Zahalka’s image makes it hard for the body structure to portray any shape or form. You cannot clearly notice any relation to architectural style at all. There are no clear visible shadows being made from the frame of the figure in ‘The Sunbather’ and this doesn’t show where the light is coming from. A few similarities between the two images are the way only one hand is clearly seen, out in front and the empty area of sand in the lower half. Zahalka’s photograph does not clearly evoke any moods or emotions. The paleness of the skin in the sun does not create any form of relaxation just a feeling of caution as they may get burnt. Where as Dupain’s image being in black and white and the male being so darkly tanned you cannot see the very brightness of the sun and therefore creates a relaxed vibe.

An Edible History Of Humanity Essays - Food And Drink, Agriculture

An Edible History Of Humanity Essays - Food And Drink, Agriculture An Edible History Of Humanity 57169051905000For this assignment, first read the excerpts from Tom Standage's An Edible History of Humanity, available on Blackboard. Based on your reading, respond to the following questions. Your responses must be typed, in Calibri or Times New Roman size 12, and be in full sentences. While there is no set length limit, each response should clearly state and explain the answers. This assignment will be graded as Skills Demonstration. Date Due:_________________________________________________ Please attach this sheet to the front of your responses when you submit your assignment! Rubric Formatting: follows directions for assignment, completed thoroughly 5% Responses: Questions answered thoroughly and with reflection/supporting detail as needed. Reflects understanding of the questions and the reading 90% Grammar: clear, fluent language with few/no spelling or grammatical errors 5% The Invention of Farming Food as Technologies What does Standage mean when he says farmed land is as much a technological landscape as a biological one? Does farming spread from one point outward around the world? Where and when does it develop? The Man-Made Nature of Maize Standage highlights several differences between teosinte and maize. Describe those differences and how they benefitted farmers. How did early farmers change a natural process of selection into deliberate cultivation of specific traits? Based on Standage's explanation, do you thing farmed corn is natural? Cereal Innovation Explain how "tough rachis," a mutation undesirable for plant survival, benefitted early humans, and how it became the dominant trait in about 200 years. Why was domestication "bad" for plants like rice and wheat? Use examples in your answer. Explain what Standage describes as a trade-off in human domestication of animals, giving examples. Refer to the map on page 12. Based on what you know about early humans, what do you think explains why maize was domesticated so much later than wheat or rice? Roots of Modernity An Agricultural Mystery State what Standage calls the "most complex, and most important question in human history." Standage argues that farming was not a liberation from the "anxious hand-to-mouth existence of the hunter-gatherer." Do you agree with this assertion? Explain your rationale. The Origins of Farming Explain and analyze at least 3 contributing factors that led to the shift towards farming. Why was it impossible for humans to revert to a nomadic lifestyle? Did Farmers Spread, Or Did Farming Spread? Define demic and cultural diffusion. Describe the archaeological evidence of demic diffusion. Describe the linguistic evidence of cultural diffusion. How did the Khoisan of southern Africa transition from hunting and gathering to domestication? Why does Standage believe farming was a hybrid of both mechanisms? Man, An Agricultural Animal "Is man exploiting maize for his own purposes, or is maize exploiting man?" What does Standage mean by this? How did the transition to agriculture impact the foods we eat today? Focus on the last paragraph of page 27. Do you agree with the position Standage takes on the invention of farming? Explain your rationale, including examples from the text.

Puppy Mills in USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Puppy Mills in USA - Research Paper Example Efforts are being made by government and non government agencies to improve the condition of puppy mills and for the protection of helpless animals. In 2009, The Missouri Department of Agriculture, which is responsible for overseeing breeding, initiated Operation Bark Alert and almost 180 unlicensed breeders were shut down in lieu of this operation. The department is understaffed with only 12 inspectors who have to inspect some 2,800 facilities annually. Animal-Right supporters also gathered more than 190,000 signatures in support of Puppy Mill Cruelty Prevention Bill (The Economist). After failing countless times to get bills passed by the Missouri General Assembly, the groups created ballot initiative and were successful in getting an amendment. The new amendment was to provide enforceable standards which stated clearly that any breeding facility could not own more than 50 breeding bitches and these animals were to be provided with proper health care and good sanitary conditions. T he Humane Society of United States (HSUS) has done commendable work towards improving living and breeding conditions for dogs in puppy mills. In their â€Å"Dirty Dozen† reports for 2010 and 2011 they pointed out the SandS Family Puppies of Milan, Mo. as the worst puppy mill. This puppy mill has a 500 page USDA violation record to their credit starting from 2006.

Steve Jobs speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Steve Jobs speech - Essay Example To better prepare the audience for what they were about to hear, President John Hennessy reminded everyone of some of Steve Jobs’ main achievements in his life. Once Steve Jobs stepped up to the podium, he gave a more detailed summary about the key events in his own life. To better get his message across, Jobs focused on three main stories: connecting the dots, love and loss, and death. These three stories are very different from one another, yet in another way they are remarkably similar. There is one theme that runs through all of these stories—you can achieve anything at all as long as you put your mind to it. This theme was appropriate considering the demographics of his audience: young, college graduates who are looking to find their place in the world. Steve Jobs’ first story, connecting the dots, used his real life experiences to show how certain events can influence the course of someone’s life. The story of his birth showed how unwanted he was as a child, and yet at the same time his life’s journey was being planned for him before it had even began. Back in the 1970’s, becoming a college graduate was seen as the ultimate success in life (in some ways, this is still the same today). Jobs described his emotions when he was attending college even though he did not want to be there. I can relate to this because I develop these feelings from time to time. Jobs felt that college was a waste of time and he would be better served by selected only the classes that interested him. I feel that this is a very bold decision to make, especially in the context of today’s environment, where the minimum expectation is a college degree. Jobs’ choice to drop out of college would be quite radical even for today, not to mention 30 or 40 years ago. However, this brave and bold decision allowed Jobs to be influenced by calligraphy, which would later go on to influence the design of the Apple computer. Overall, Jobs†™ key instruction here is to go with what feels best in your heart. There are so many other people and institutions that tell us what we should be doing, when in fact we are the ones who know what we want to achieve and succeed at. In my view, the choices made in our lives lead to consequences, both good and bad, and it is our choices that determine the path that our life takes us down. Jobs’ second story, love and loss, shows how plans can go astray, yet the ultimate goal can still be fulfilled. Jobs found a career that he loved, not just as a means to get by. This is something that he alludes to throughout his speech, although he does not actually mention it directly. I agree that success in life is always easier if you are doing something that you actually love. If so, you are more likely to put your heart and soul into it and receive a great reward from it. For Steve Jobs, this was working day in and day out at Apple. However, he came across a fork in the road—he was ousted from the company by the Board of Directors. Many people would react badly to this, yet Jobs knew that he still loved working with computers and would not let this setback stop him from achieving his dream. He ended up creating his own company and later rejoined Apple. None of this would have been possible had he not been fired from Apple in the first place. I found this concept really hard to grasp because it seemed like his life had been taken away from him, although he eventually got it back. This unfortunate event