Ethical Discrimination On Tattoos - 1237 Words

Tattoos have been dated back to 5000 BCE. Tattoos have played the role of being badges of honor, ceremonial markings, signs off social rank, forms of punishment, and of course ways for people to beautify themselves (The Cultural History of Tattoos). Over the past years, tattoos has increased and continues to increase significantly in popularity. According to statistics, 36% of American adults in the U.S. between the ages of 18-25 and 40% of American adults in the U.S. between the ages of 26-40 have at least one tattoo (Seth). While the trend of getting tattoos are increasing, the concerns of the employers starts to increase. People who have tattoos should not be discriminated because it is unethical, a form of self-expression, and art.†¦show more content†¦Although Elzweig’s research may seem trivial, it is in fact crucial in terms of today’s concerns about the discrimination of tattoos in the workplace. While it is true that there are laws that protect others from discrimination against gender, race, sexuality, etc., it does not necessarily follow that one has protection from the discrimination against tattoos. Society has come to a realization that a difference in someones skin should not change how others view or treat them, so why do people treat those who have tattoos differently than those who do not? Although it is granted that if one is being treated differently at his or her job it is considered employment litigation, one can take action and bring the situation to court. Nevertheless, when it comes down to dress code, the employer has every right to release those who dont respect the rules. As stated in Elzweig’s quote, if a person who has a religion that requires them to have body modifications, they are protected by the law and they have the right to take the employer to court for employment discrimination if employee states otherwise. In addition, Elzweig suggests that the employment practice violated a constitutional r ight. Title VU made it unlawful employment practice for an employer†¦ to discriminate against any individual†¦ because of such individuals race,Show MoreRelatedEssay About Tattoos960 Words   |  4 Pagesremain. For over three hundred years, tattoos have been viewed as a deviant act, one that causes individuals to associate those with tattoos with risky and foolish behavior. Despite the characteristics of tattoos being large or small, tribal or fashionable, people did not express any difference in opinion toward individuals who endured the pain of tattooing. The stigmas and attitudes placed upon these individuals continue in an array of areas, as those with tattoos are judged based on personality, characterRead MoreDescription of Three Homosexual Potential Veterinarian Position1747 Words   |  7 Pagesthe differing roles of a veterinarian, not just one or two. When given the choice of three candidates, it may be a difficult decision for an employer to ethically choose t he best candidate to fill the position in the practice, but it must be done. Ethical considerations for these candidates will be based mostly on American law with Grenadian law used as well when possible. Before proceeding further with the discussion, it is necessary to describe the candidates who applied. The first applicant isRead MoreEmployment Discrimination Against Individuals Based On Age, Race, National Origin, Or Sex, And Language2852 Words   |  12 Pagesthat employers have to deal with. Some aspects include physical appearance, lifestyle, and language. For several decades, the law has forbidden discrimination against individuals based on age, race, national origin, or sex, and these factors should not be in job specifications or recruitment advertisements (Shaw, 2014, 284). Employment discrimination against physical appearance, lifestyle, and language is not only wrong but also unethical. I. Physical Appearance Psychologists have long knownRead MoreDo Tattoos Make A Mark On More Than Just Your Skin?4666 Words   |  19 Pages Do tattoos make a mark on more than just your skin? b Student Number: 26877075 Introduction The fundamental focus of my topic is the discrimination and prejudice experienced by individuals who have tattoos on their body. My hypothesis â€Å"Do tattoos make a mark on more than just your skin?† signifies the growing concern within today’s society towards equality and the elements of fear. This topic was developed from as I recentlyRead MoreHepatitis Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes the virus occur in the liver, but the disease also spreads to the blood where the anti-bodies of virus specific proteins are found in infected people (wikipedia.com). Hepatitis is obtained by engaging in unprotected sex, injection drug use, tattoos or piercings with un-sterilized equipment, usage of a toothbrush or razor of an affected person, exposure to blood or bodily fluids of infected people. If a woman happens to have hepatitis B, and becomes pregnant, the child will inherit this diseaseRead MoreAbercrombie Fitch, The Upscale Clothing Retailer Essay1725 Words   |  7 Pag esAfrican Americans work in the back. The company has been sued numerous times for for religious discrimination and discrimination against handicapped customers. Abercrombie Fitch also doesnt stock womens pants above size 10, limiting their market to only slim and petite women. The legal issue in this case is that Abercrombie Fitch refused to hire potential employees based on appearances. The ethical issues in this case are that Abercrombie Fitch has a specific â€Å"look† that it wants its customersRead MoreAn Unethical Behavior Among Its Nursing Staff1404 Words   |  6 PagesOther nurses have mistreated a 16-year-old father of a baby under their care by ignoring his requests and overlooking his need to obtain information about his child. His physical appearance is youthful in that he wears hip-hop style clothing, body tattoos and dreadlocks. Hispanic nurses are only assigned to Hispanic patients because the four charge nurses deemed it good practice since there was normally a language barrier. The unit nursing population is made up of 75% black, Caribbean Island nursesRead MoreYouth Gang Membership : A Serious Problem Affecting Many Youths Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent federal and state definitions. There are few factors that every definition agrees on. It is a group of three or more people and they frequently identify themselves by one or more of the following: a common name, identifying sign, symbol, tattoo, or other physical marking, graffiti or hand signs. The National Association of Social Work describes three types of gangs: At the top are Entrepreneur gang that operates a hierarchical structure with clear and established leaders. Then there areRead MoreThe Ad For American Apparel Giant Van Heusen The World s Largest Shirt Company1306 Words   |  6 Pagesof Hollywood, with the iconic bone in his hair. This man could be considered a caveman in a prehistoric cartoon. Consequently, the attire is symbolic of a African’s tribal man. The nose ring, neck rings, the necklace made of teeth, as well as his tattoos can give the perception that this man lives in a remote jungle. The prejudice in this ad is distinct. The images of four white men and a fifth tribesman who looks extremely out of place is u nquestionably bias. Racial relations of the 1950s were volatileRead MoreGlobal Policy Regarding Religious Accommodation3126 Words   |  13 Pagesreligious practices unless it would create undue hardship for HM. HM is a worldwide brand that has been expanding globally over the last decade and is committed to the principal of equal employment opportunity. We have zero tolerance policy against discrimination and under no circumstances discriminate on the basis of race, skin color, religion, national origin, gender identity, sexual orientation, or any other protected class. Decisions regarding hiring, promotion, demotion, and/or termination will be

In Utilitarianism For and Against by Bernard Williams,...

In Utilitarianism For and Against by Bernard Williams, Williams has an argument that is based on the value of integrity. Integrity is defined as the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles or moral uprightness. In Williams argument he believes in certain circumstances utilitarianism requires agents to abandon their personal projects and commitments. This lead Williams to claim that utilitarianism is an attack on an agent’s integrity. In my essay I will explain Williams’s argument on utilitarianism and how he is lead to believe it is an attack on an agent’s integrity. I will also explain why he thinks it can force us to abandon our personal projects. Within my essay I will also explain the theory of right conduct†¦show more content†¦Thus, utilitarian’s focus on the consequences of an act rather than on its intrinsic nature or the motives of the agent. Utilitarianism as I defined it seems to look over whether or not a consequen ce is given when a person acts on something or doesn’t act on something. In Williams argument he believes in order for utilitarianism and consequentialism to be consistent a person or agent must be blamed for consequences of not doing something or an inaction. This is known as negative responsibility. The responsibility for doing something is called positive responsibility. Williams continues to argue that negative responsibility is no more or less justifying than positive responsibility. Williams states â€Å" that if I’m ever responsible for anything, then I must be just as much responsible for things that I allow or fail to prevent, as I am for things that I myself, in the more everyday restricted, bring about† pg 95. With the talk of negative responsibility in front of us I will reference an example give by Williams in his text. Jim finds himself in a small town in what seems to be the center square in South America. In front of him, tied up, are twenty frightened Indians. In front of the Indians stand several uniformed men with weaponry. A heavy man who seems to be the leader or captain in charge, questions Jim on how he got there. Which was by accidentShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1365 Words   |  6 Pages In John Stuart Mill’s book Utilitarianism, he argues for the defense of utilitarianism, an age old theory originally developed by Jeremy Bentham that states the proper course of action is the one that maximizes happiness. The course of action that maximizes general happiness is also the only true standard for moral assessment. Mill also introduces the idea of ‘first principle’ which states that it is not acceptable for individuals to characterize actions as either ‘good’ or ‘bad’, because it isRead MoreBernard Williams Vs Rule Utilitarianism1606 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism is based off of the idea that actions are right if they are beneficial and sup port the majority. When a person is faced with a decision, he or she must think about the consequences in terms of pleasure versus pain. That person has a moral obligation to figure out which outcome is the better one. Majority of this paper will discuss act utilitarianism versus rule utilitarianism and different philosophical objections to each. Act utilitarianism is best described as actions that lead toRead MoreThe Moral Aspects Of Utilitarianism1619 Words   |  7 PagesSir Bernard Arthur Owen Williams greatly influenced philosophical ethics through several studies on the moral aspects of Utilitarianism. His complex thinking and theories, along with his unique approach, gave him a great amount of recognition towards other theorists in his field. He expressed the majority of his beliefs through his writings in which he stressed his critiques of Utilitarianism and Kantianism and emphasized the importance of moral rational. His study of both external and internal reasoningRead Mor eUtilitarianism And Its Flaws Of John Stuart Mill s Defends Utilitarianism Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesEthics from a Global Perspective 7 December 2016 Utilitarianism and its Flaws John Stuart Mill’s defends utilitarianism, an ethical theory according to which, as he puts it, â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† (155 Ethics). In other words, actions are morally right if they make us happy and actions are morally wrong if they make us unhappy. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory in which an action is morally rightRead MoreEssay about Utilitarianism785 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism What is Utilitarianism? Utilitarianism is a philosophical concept that holds an action to be held right if it tends to promote happiness for the greatest number of people. Utilitarians define the morally right actions as those actions that maximize some non-moral good or happiness and minimize some non-moral evil. Pleasure is an example of a non-moral good and pain is an example of a non- moral evil. A utilitarian will fous on the consequences of an act rather than on the intristicRead MoreHappiness Is Worth No More Than Anyone Happiness1980 Words   |  8 Pagesaction by its consequences. It would also be wise to have rules, or restrictions to the idea of pursuing what we pleasure. This way to live and to be wise is referred to as the greatest happiness principle, or utilitarianism as laid out by philosopher John Stuart Mill in his book Utilitarianism, quoting John Stuart Mill s: â€Å"holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong in proporti on as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† (Mill, 1861). Furthermore, whenRead MoreThe Moral Implications Of Charity1695 Words   |  7 Pagesdonate because of self-interest. If one s actions are not harming the wellbeing of others; they have free will to abide to their own set of moral values because morality should not only be seen as an objective force I will now discuss the main arguments as to why Singer would disallow the views of an individual who puts their family and friends above strangers. Singer believes that this individual s autonomy is incorrect, and states early on that suffering from the lack of food, shelter, and aidRead MoreDeontology in Jim and the Indians883 Words   |  4 PagesJim has found himself in a quandary. When arriving in a South American town he has happened upon a captain and his army about to assassinate twenty Indians in order to deter other Indians protesting against the government. Jim is treated as a guest to the town and offered the privilege of shooting one of the Indians in which case the captain will let the other nineteen go, however declining this offer will mean the captain will carry on as planned and kill all twenty. Consequentialism is ordinarilyRead MoreRelationship Between The Principle Of Utility And Moral Rules1462 Words   |  6 Pagesperformed. In contrast, Mill is a rule utilitarian who introduces the idea of secondary principles which we should adopt in order to guide our actions and which support the primary ‘greatest happiness’ principle. These rules are adopted because experience has shown that adherence to these rules tends to produce the greatest happiness as he looks at the consequences of having everyone follow a particular rule and calculates the overall utility of accepting or rejecting the rule. However, you can break theRead MoreThe Role of Justice in Society2403 Words   |  10 Pages95%. With regard to ethics, justice is defined as fairness, where all situations should be treated alike. For one to exhibit justice, one must portray the quality of being fair and reasonable in all situations. While egalitarians evaluate justice based on equality, utilitarians are only interested in justice as a means to an end. Smart advocates the principle of utility, which defines the morally action as whatever produces the greatest net happiness for everyone affected by that act. To identify

The Rise Of The Late And Early 20th Century - 1693 Words

The period surrounding the late and early 20th century was the most dramatic era in modern history. It was a period where Western ideals were pushed by motivated empires with ambitions of wealth and expanding territory and, while impossible to distinguish the most influencing factor that led to the Westernization of nations on a global scale, it is easy to determine key points that played important roles in world history. With Western cultures emerging with both technological and military advantage over secluded and obsolete empires, it was only a matter of time before the West inspired and impacted subjugated nations to build an empire of their own. Countries such as Japan, Russia, as well as Europe’s scramble for Africa are prime examples of existing legacies from the imperialistic era of the late 19th century and onto the early 20th century. A balance of imperial expansion and their eventual collapse were the key components utilized by Western nations to modernize and weste rnize the world between the periods of 1850 and 1950. Perhaps the most dramatic example of a country highly influenced by Western ideals was Japan in the early 20th Century. Initially, Japan faced severe social issues, primarily with crop failure, economic turmoil, and a rising merchant class in the late 19th century under the Tokugawa rule. To further exacerbate domestic issues, Japan was also under pressure from European nations who wanted to open trade ports in Japan. These demands wereShow MoreRelatedImperialism : The Age Of Imperialism1010 Words   |  5 PagesIndira Yuldasheva C band Expansionism Essay The late 19th century and early 20th century is known as the â€Å"Age of Imperialism†, a period in which major world powers, including the United States, adopted a policy of expansionism. Expansionism is defined as the policy of territorial or economic expansion, which is often achieved through diplomacy or military force. During this time period, the United States notably acquired territory in the Pacific and Latin America. The nation’s growing colonialRead MoreThe Bankruptcy Of Marxist Ideology : The Dilution And Variability Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic study will define the dilution and variability of Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theory in the post-WWII era. The slow dissolution of Marxist theory as as a 19th century economic concept defines the rise of capitalism and the neoliberal ideology that has permeated the latter half of the 20th century. 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The other was through the proliferation of administrative and management functions as institutions of higher education grew in size and complexity during the late 19th and throughout the 20th century. The first Dean of Men was appointed at Harvard University in 1870. The number and type of advising, counseling, administrative, and management positions continued to increase throughout the 20th century to meet the evolving needs of institutions

Crisis and Disaster Management Build Back Better

Question: Discuss about the case study Crisis and Disaster Management for Build Back Better. Answer: Introduction to BBB The Build Back Better policy is one of the most important as well as useful aspect for an organization in order to improve their business and profits. The motto of Build Back Better was accepted more officially when the BBB guidelines were created in the year of 2006 by Clinton. The guidelines were created after the mishap of South Asian tsunami in the year of 2004 occurred. The main purpose of this policy or strategy is to secure the organization from threats such as the environment, production and many others. Clinton used the Key Propositions for BBB as the primary authorized document over the subject. In context of reconstruction as well as recovery, the concept of BBB is the accepted standard for conducting the procedure. Some of the examples are mentioned below to make it clear that how integral the BBB policy is: United Nations Disaster Relief Organization(UNDRO) has a guideline of Principles for Settlement and Shelter. Reconstruction strategy, as well as Post Tsunami Recovery measures undertaken by the government of Sri Lanka, is an example of implementations of Build Back Better. To rebuild the future planet, free from problems that current generations suffer from, Federal Emergency Management Agencys operational framework can be used. Mondays Holistic Recovery Framework is an ideal framework providing implementation and strategic details of Build Back Better policy. Recovery and Reconstruction Framework of Victorian Bushfire Recovery and Reconstruction Authority provide specific details on real time integration of BBB strategies. Christchurch Earthquake Recovery Authoritys Response and Repair strategies are direct measures that embark on the strategy of BBB. The concept of creating the better framework for BBB policy, we evaluate and discuss the situation thorough case studies of multinational dimensions. Figure 2 illustrates the concept of BBB. The central concepts mentioned in the BBB framework, are of the recovery of the community, risk management, and reduction, after the occurrence of a major disaster. One important aspect of Build Back Better policy is focuses on proper implantation of the strategy. As figure 1 show, the restoration of the community is further subdivided into social and economic recoverable strategies. Community support and involvement are the primary focus for Social recovery which is illustrated as on Table 1. The act of Encouragement, education, and engagement of communities are the primary equipment and tools proposed to help communities to deal with overcoming the trauma of environmental disasters. Greater Christchurch Earthquake(2010-2011) In 2010 and 2011, two major earthquakes struck Christchurch. The first referred to as The Darfield Quake, struck the suburb of Darfield with a magnitude of 7.1 on the Richter scale. The earthquake occurred on the 4th September, 2010 with a considerable aftershock of magnitude 6.3 again on the 22nd of February the same year. The reports of Liquefaction became more extensive in the eastern parts of the city. The reports intensified after the occurrence of the second earthquake, which had affected huge parts of residential areas (Scott 2003). The estimated losses were in the range of 40 billion New Zealand Dollars which is approximately around 19 percent of New Zealands total GDP. Almost three fourth of all households in the area were destroyed beyond recognition. The major infrastructural buildings like healthcare, financial, educational, and historical buildings also bore the full brunt of the impact of the quake. In the central business district, nearly forty-seven percent of the bui ldings were declared unsafe and unfit. Nearly 627 buildings were earmarked for Demolition and finally destroyed. The authorities estimated the repairing and refurbishment costs of residences to be around NZ $13 billion. The disintegration of the Canterbury TV building and Pyne Gould Corp. building raised the death toll by 115 and 18 persons respectively. 28 people were reported to be killed in the central city alone. Eight people in a public bus were killed. The total death toll rose to 128 persons with several persons missing. The district of Waimakariri, in Christchurch, along with eastern suburb of the city, was in ruins after the Earthquakes. The eventual aftershocks caused the effects of liquefaction to be intensified. Liquefaction spread laterally in the adjoining areas. Nearly twelve hundred houses in Pines Beach were badly damaged. The authorities had earmarked almost 1048 houses for demolition. Some areas were permanently marked to be unsafe for rebuilding (Koh 2012). The earthquake had disrupted the normal flow of life. The damaged infrastructural facilities of the town took the entire systems down and prevented quick response from authorities. Many small and large business houses suffered huge losses to their businesses as there was shortage of raw materials. The infrastructure of the town including a total of 16 km of roads, 16 bridge approaches, and two walkway footbridges were badly damaged beyond repair. The damaged roads prevented goods trucks from plying on the roads and the retail chain su ffered. The potable water supply systems of Waimakariri was gravely disturbed and damaged. The damage amounted to a loss of 12 km of mainline water supply, ten kilometers of storm water drainage and three major water pumping stations (Twort, Ratnayaka and Brandt 2006). The damage also included 18 km of sewage gravity separators, and a total of 15 sewer pipe systems (Control monitoring range launched for use with pumping stations 2003). The creation of the regulatory body CERA was a result of the vastness in the scale of the disaster. CERA was ultimately given the task of managing Recovery and repairing activities in the Greater Christchurch areas. CERA was tasked with reporting to the Central New Zealand Government (Singh 2008). By the time of 31st March 2016, The Earthquake Commission had repaired 67,468 residential house repairs. The community buildings and historic architectures were greatly affected by the aftershocks. Brick and mortar masonry buildings suffered chimney collapses while residences with timber wood frames stayed upright. The falling of rocks and ground liquefaction resulted in limited land use over potentially dangerous lands in the greater Christchurch areas. Rebuild Framework The BBB framework dedicates its efforts to regenerate the economy of the disaster affected communities (Jones 2005). They do this by providing business support, commercial support to rebuild the local economy of the affected regions (Momani, 2011). The recovery principles regarding the Christchurch earthquake The Christchurch Earthquake Recovery principles contain the fact of guidance for the recovery of Canterbury. The strategic partners and community were developed in consultation to recover from the problems (Wilson 2004). It also provides the direction, confidence, and coordination in the case of the recovery effort (Tracy 2014). The Recovery Strategy has provided the government and the stakeholders with credible blue prints where the development plan is integrate the natural environment, economic recovery, cultural recovery. The Recovery Strategy has integrated the leadership and quality deliverance of the projects in a time bound manner (Phillips and Freeman 2010). The CERA Recovery Strategy aims to restore Christchurch to its former glory. The framework by CERA is very crucial for providing the future generations with an ideal disaster proof foundation. It places the prime focus on community recovery. It diverts its attentions to identify the company risks, environmental hazards, l and zoning and lastly housing problems (Mortensen 1998). The recovery report can be divided into three components by CERA. The first stage comprises repair and formulation of the entire action plan. To rebuild, replace as well as reconstruct the affected sites, a short-term phase is required. The actual repairing and remodeling is done at this phase. Medium and long term phases are involved in improvement, restoration and refurbishment activities. While developing a system to protect the city from the environment, it is very crucial to concerned with the idea of integrating infrastructure (Memarzadeh and Pozzi 2015). The housing infrastructure must be cost efficient and accessible to general public. The housing societies must have a well connected network of transport systems (Trans-European Transport network 2005).The housing plans also include blast resistant underground shelters. The resilient land zones which are certified to be stable, incorporates an urban design. The Recovery Strategy aims to prioritize investment on infrastructure for supporting Greater Christchurch (Infrastructure 2004). Research Methodology The Christchurch case was covered by a newspaper, which was reported to be critically affected by the earthquakes in the year of 2010 and 2011 (Branley and Lloyd 2005). The recovery and redevelopment process is still going on. So the role of BBB may be instrumental in reduction of risk of the future generations. The Build Back Better strategy can be used as an initiative in other countries, in the event of a disaster. A design of mix method can be used to substantiate our research findings. The method of mix can be carried out for conducting the key official interviews from the Christchurch case study. The interviews with Earth Recovery Authority and the city councils were conclusive and were justifiable in accordance with the related literature. The direct involvement of the interviewee in the post disaster crisis is crucial for the interview subject. It helps the researcher to understand the ground realities and plan the recovery process efficiently and effectively. It took one hour to complete each semi-structured process of interview. So minute attention was devoted to plan and improvise intricate details of the whole process. The data for the conducted interviews are provided below. Table 1: Case study data collection Research trip Interviewee Description Research trip 1 April 2014May 2014 P1 Visits and Relations Advisor, CERA P2 Structural Engineer, CERA P3 Manager, Utilities and Roading, Waimakariri District Council P4 Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council Research trip August 2015 P5 General Manager, Constructions, CERA P6 Chief Advisor, Insurance, CERA P7 General Manager, Community Resilience, CERA P8 Former Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council P9 Manager, Central City Development, CERA P10 Senior Advisor, Communication Central City Rebuild, CERA P11 Service Centre Manger, Waimakariri District Council P12 Earthquake Support Service, Waimakariri District Council P13 Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council P14 Utility Manager, Waimakariri District Council P15 Visits and Relations Advisor, CERA P16 Head, Strategy and Planning Group, Christchurch City Council References Branley, F. and Lloyd, M. (2005).Earthquakes. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers. Control monitoring range launched for use with pumping stations. (2003).World Pumps, 2003(444), p.11. Infrastructure. (2004). London: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Jones, C. (2005).Framework. Madrid: Santillana. Koh, R. (2012).Residences. Singapore: Page One. Memarzadeh, M. and Pozzi, M. (2015). Integrated Inspection Scheduling and Maintenance Planning for Infrastructure Systems.Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 31(6), pp.403-415. Hamada, M. (n.d.).Engineering for earthquake disaster mitigation. Momani, N. (2011). Integrated framework for earthquake consequences management.Disaster Prevention and Management, 20(3), pp.314-333. Mortensen, C. (1998).Speeding earthquake disaster relief. Menlo Park, CA: U.S. Geological Survey. Singh, S. (2008).Disaster management. New Delhi: A P H Publishing Phillips, R. and Freeman, R. (2010).Stakeholders. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Scott, M. (2003).Speeding in residential areas. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Tracy, B. (2014).Leadership. New York: American Management Association. Trans-European Transport network. (2005). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Twort, A., Ratnayaka, D. and Brandt, M. (2006).Water supply. Oxford [England]: Butterworth-Heinemann. Wilson, J. (2004).Strategic partners. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.